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COLD OF UPPER ATMOSPHERE.
247'
can
manifest that the greatest quantity of this heat will be
absorbed by the lowest atmospheric strata. And here we
find ourselves brought, by considerations apparently remote, face to face with the fact upon which the existence
of all glaciers depends, namely, the comparative coldness
of the upper regions of the atmosphere. The sun's rays
can pass in a great measure through these regions without
heating them; and the earth's rays, which they might
absorb, hardly reach them at all, but are intercepted by
the lower portions of the atmosphere.*
Another cause of the greater coldness of the higher
atmosphere is the expansion of the denser air of the lower
strata when it ascends. The dense air makes room for
itself by pushing back the lighter and less elastic air which
surrounds it: it does work, and, to perform this work, a
certain amount of heat must be consumed. It is the consumption of this heat—its absolute annihilation as heat—
that chills the expanded air, and to this action a share of
the coldness of the higher atmosphere must undoubtedly
be ascribed. A third cause of the difference of temperature is the large amount of heat communicated, by way
of contact, to the air of the earth's surface; and a fourth
and final cause is the loss endured by the highest strata
through radiation into space.
m
* See M. Pouillet's important Memoir on Solar Radiation. Taylor's
Scientific Memoirs, vol. iv. p. 44.
| Title | Tyndall, John, 1860, The Glaciers of the Alps. |
| Alternative Title | Glaciers of the Alps. |
| Creator | John Tyndall 1820-1893. |
| Subject |
Glaciers -- Alps. Alps -- Description and travel. Color. |
| Publisher | London : John Murray ... |
| DateOriginal | 1860 |
| Format | Tiff |
| Extent | 33 cm. |
| Identifier | col022 |
| Call Number | QE576.T914 1860 |
| Language | English |
| Relation | Color Science |
| Collection | Ice - 19th Century Polar Exploration & Glacial Studies |
| Rights | http://www.lindahall.org/imagerepro/ |
| Data Contributor | Linda Hall Library, LHL Digital Collections. |
| Title | Page 247. |
| Creator | John Tyndall 1820-1893. |
| Subject |
Glaciers -- Alps. Alps -- Description and travel. Color. |
| Publisher | London : John Murray ... |
| Format | tiff |
| Identifier | col022282 |
| Call Number | QE576.T914 1860 |
| Relation-Is part of | Is part of: The glaciers of the Alps : Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers, and an exposition of the physical princples to which they are related / By John Tyndall... |
| Relation | Color Science |
| Rights | http://www.lindahall.org/imagerepro/ |
| OCR Transcript | COLD OF UPPER ATMOSPHERE. 247' can manifest that the greatest quantity of this heat will be absorbed by the lowest atmospheric strata. And here we find ourselves brought, by considerations apparently remote, face to face with the fact upon which the existence of all glaciers depends, namely, the comparative coldness of the upper regions of the atmosphere. The sun's rays can pass in a great measure through these regions without heating them; and the earth's rays, which they might absorb, hardly reach them at all, but are intercepted by the lower portions of the atmosphere.* Another cause of the greater coldness of the higher atmosphere is the expansion of the denser air of the lower strata when it ascends. The dense air makes room for itself by pushing back the lighter and less elastic air which surrounds it: it does work, and, to perform this work, a certain amount of heat must be consumed. It is the consumption of this heat—its absolute annihilation as heat— that chills the expanded air, and to this action a share of the coldness of the higher atmosphere must undoubtedly be ascribed. A third cause of the difference of temperature is the large amount of heat communicated, by way of contact, to the air of the earth's surface; and a fourth and final cause is the loss endured by the highest strata through radiation into space. m * See M. Pouillet's important Memoir on Solar Radiation. Taylor's Scientific Memoirs, vol. iv. p. 44. |
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